The Digital Film Making Industry Essays - 787 Words

The Digital Film Making Industry Digital filmmaking is quickly changing everything about filmmaking. Everyone from professionals to amateurs are currently seeing great advancements in many aspects of the industry. Every year thousands of independent films are made. The vast majority of these films are created using digital cameras and basic home computers. A few years ago this was impossible due the sheer cost of quality 35 millimeter cameras, and extremely expensive editing equipment. Now anyone can make a relatively high quality digital film with a 1000 dollar camera and a 2000 dollar computer. With a setup like this films can be shot and edited, also special effects and CG sequences unimaginable to even professional film†¦show more content†¦Independent filmmakers are not just using the internet to distribute their movies but also selling these digital movies to film studios. Miguel Artetas Chuck and Buck was completed for about 500,000 dollars using a completely digital process. If they would have used standard 35 millimeter film it would have cost them 1.4 million dollars to shoot. They sold the movie for 1.1 million and made a nice profit of 600,000 dollars. If they would have s hot the film using 35 millimeter cameras they would have lost 300,000 dollars. Currently about 99% of all major movies are shot are done so using standard 35 millimeter film. The film is then scanned into a computer, edited and then put back on to 35 millimeter film. Each copy of the film costs about 1000 dollars to make and weighs about 70 pounds. Digital films however can be stored on large servers or in physical form in DVDs, which is much more practical, and with today’s technology hard to differentiate form analog film. Some movie studios and directors have already switched completely to digital. Digital cameras have progressed enough that their image quality is close to the traditional format. Spike Lee shot both of his 2000 films, Bamboozled and The Original Kings of Comedy using Sony digital cameras. These cameras are relatively cheap and are affordable enough for the many people to own. Even though 99%Show MoreRelated The Impact of Digital Technology on the Film Industry Essay1626 Words   |  7 PagesThe Impact of Digital Technology on the Film Industry The purpose of this research assignment is to put forward a convincing argument in how digital technology in the last four years have completely revolutionised the whole film industry. This thesis will attempt to focus on the main disciplines of film making and the impact that technology has had on each area. Firstly, this article will look at recent changes in the pre-production area of film making followed by what new equipment and storageRead MoreThe Negative Impact Of Digital Technology On The Film Industry1594 Words   |  7 Pages Digital Technology has taken over the world. We are now in the era where the access of digital technology is used at a frequent rate. As a result, digital technology has developed a major impact on the film industry. The transformation of the use of digital films has created a result of new advancement within technology, such as HD, 4K, 8K, and 3D films. With the birth of these visual technologies, it has created an eye-catching experience for the entertainment of the audience. Although the developmentRead MoreThe Evolution of Film-Making Technology1417 Words   |  6 PagesFilm Industry has been expansively affected by the changes in technology. The mechanical and digital innovations give cause to the influence of equipment, distribution and the way in which films are made and consumed. New trends shape directors and filmmakers to expand creatively towards telling stories in motions. The film industry has developed to one of the most important tools of communication, its cause so powerful affecting the way individuals and societies think, act and behave. Among theRead MoreThe Rise and Fall of Kodak Company1655 Words   |  7 Pagesa company that would inculcate these ideals and turn around the photography industry. Considering the fact that London at that time was the center of attraction for photographic business; it was a perfect place to start a new business. Eastman never let go of his vision, he received his first patent for the plate-coating machine in 1879. The plate coating machine was faster, more proficient method to get pictures on film in the camera, it began a stepping stone in creating cameras for everyday peopleRead More Digital Technology and Filmmaking Essay examples1565 Words   |  7 PagesDigital Technology and Filmmaking Since the first movies were first made, they have been shot using film of various sizes, such as 8mm, 16mm, and 35mm. 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Digital Photography825 Words   |  4 PagesIn consumer film photography, Kodak was clearly the market-leading incumbent. Based on the information provided in the case it was certainly possible for Kodak to have become the leader in consumer digital photography if they had followed the actions described below. Kodak’s top management and its internal research team had anticipated the threat from the digital photography to their film photography business way back in 1980s. In fact, Kodak introduced the world’s first electronic image sensorRead MoreTopic: Making Movies Mean More.Introduction. Convincing1371 Words   |  6 PagesTopic: Making Movies Mean More Introduction Convincing Audiences to go for a movie in a Unique way is always being a Crucial part in Cinema History. Cinema has become a dominant medium of Creativity and communication globally. Influence of to be entertained and informed comes to consideration while thinking about a cinema’s Targeted Audience. 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Continuity Of Foreign Policy Of The Obama Administration

University of Westminster School of Social Sciences, Humanities and Languages Project Module Continuity in Foreign Policy of the Obama Administration By: Chao Huang †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Project Supervisor: Ali Tajvidi March 2016 I. Introduction The formulation of US foreign policy has always been a controversial issue with different views emphasizing on various factors—the role of the president, the influence of the congress, the impact of interests group and public opinion, etc—in the process of decision making. This project intends to discuss the extent to which the Obama Administration is to change the direction of the US foreign policy. First, the characteristics in the US foreign policy making is explored to show how critical the presidential pre-eminence is to the policymaking. Second, a revisit to the Clinton and George W. Bush Administration is made to trace the pattern of the US foreign policy. Third, the Obama Doctrine is studied to identify the policy continuity and the sporadic changes. Based on the analysis, the project comes to the conclusion that continuity still prevails in the Obama Doctrine and the changes are only made in a minor and incremental fashion. II. Characteristics of US Foreign Policy Making The uniqueness of the US politics and the plurality of its culture has made the formulation of the US foreign policy a complicated process. However, according to Wittkipf, all of the factors that contribute to the policymaking fall intoShow MoreRelatedThe Changes the Obama Adminsitation Has Made in Foriegn Policy959 Words   |  4 PagesThe US has received criticisms due to its post-9/11 foreign policy. Its policy created shifts in alliances and became a polarizing issue both domestically and internationally. The US has had a significant shift since Barack Obama took office, moving away from the foreign policy that was in place under George W. 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The nation had sought isolationism during the Great War of 1914-1918 until it became necessary to protect innocent American lives. President Franklin D. Roosevelt was also inclined to remain uncommitted in the struggle that began in Europe in 1939. It was not until the end of 1941 that a direct attack against theRead MoreCyber Security: Threats, Response and Improvement Essay example2704 Words   |  11 PagesCyber Security: Threats, Response and Improvement INTA 651 National Security Policy Dr. Kevin P. Reynolds Texas Aamp;M University Prepared by: Jason Jimà ©nez Cyber Space and its Security Cyberspace, or the Internet as an interchangeable reference, is the electronic medium of computer networks and systems in which online communication and enterprise takes place. Originally, the Internet served to interconnect laboratories engaged in government research. 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This immediately began to reverberate on Europe’s vexed migration debate and prompted criticism of its policies in the Middle East (Foy and Hille). Less than a month later on December 2nd, Tashfeen Malik helped kill 14 people at a holiday party in San Bernardino. She was born in Pakistan, and gained legal permanent resident status last year after she marriedRead MoreThe Recent Terrorist Attacks Of Paris And San Bernardino1841 Words   |  8 Pagesthe most recent ones were in Paris and San Bernardino. On November 13, 2015, shooting and bombings in the city of Paris left 129 dead (Prial). This immediately began to reverberate on Europe’s vexed migration debate and prompted criticism of its policies in the Middle East (Foy and Hille). Less than a month later on December 2nd, Tashfeen Malik helped kill 14 people at a holiday party in San Bernardino. She was born in Pakistan, and gained legal permanent resident status last year after she married

Monopolistic Competition and Effective Demand

Question: Discuss about the Monopolistic Competition and Effective Demand. Answer: Introduction: The imperfect competition where there is existence of a few producers selling differentiated products in the market in known as monopolistic competition (Nikaido, 2015). As the products are differentiated, hence they cannot be perfect substitutes. The market for monopolist products has the following characteristics. They are: Differentiation of products Existence of multiple firms There is no barrier in the entry or exit of firms Imperfect information Power of taking independent decision (Assenza et al., 2015) There are very few firms that exhibit the monopolistic nature in the economy. The coffee industry, chain of restaurants and industry for beverages are the few industries that exhibit this nature of monopolistic market. Both these industry produces different products in the market (Bertoleti Epifani, 2014). Say there can be difference between Brazilian coffee and coffee purchased from South India. Similarly two different restaurants offer different cuisines to their customers and hence show the monopolistic nature. In this answer the concept of natural monopoly has been elaborately discussed after from the perspective of the coffee industry in Australia. Background of the industry: Australias coffee industry was first resurrected during the 1980s after its collapse in the 1800s. Over the recent years the country has seen enormous growth in their coffee industry. The peoples love for the hot beverage makes the caffeine industry grow in leaps and bound (Adams et al., 2016). The country has special liking for strong coffee and instant brewing coffee. According to Senior Consumer Analyst Niraj Lalka, Australias love for this caffeine product grew with its introduction in the country by the migrants of Europe. But the European were more habituated at having strong liquors of coffee whereas the Australian prefer their coffee mixed with milk and fresh cream. The caffeine industry within the country in the last decade saw enormous growth and is expected to grow further. But in contrast to this scenario, the famous American caffeine brand, Starbucks saw faced severe crash in their growth portfolio in Australia (Wong, 2014). According to the analysis on the industrys gro wth and trend it has been observed that the country is expect an increase in their revenue by 6.9%. The expected revenue that the country predicts to earn in the year 2016-17 is $5.5 billion (ibisworld.com.au, 2015). Also the people have been inclined towards this drink as it reduces their scope of early death. According to an survey on health it has been observed that regular drinker of coffee and other caffeine products has lower risk of death via type 2 diabetes, heart problems, suicide and neurological disease. The answer now focuses on the monopolistic features of this industry and its impact on the economy. Key features with example: The monopolistic market is the structure where there is existence of a large number of sellers who produces similar kind of goods and services with a bit of product differentiation to make their products more appealing in the market. As already discussed above the coffee industry shows this nature, we now look at the different brands that are being preferred in the country. Also unlike the perfectly competitive market the various brands in this market has individual say and control (Stiglitz Rosengard, 2015). Amongst the different types of sellers in the market there are quite a few specialized brands that are responsible for selling coffee within the whole of Australia. Starbucks coffee, Frisco-Bay, Gloria Jeans, Seatles Best coffee, Green mountain coffee, Maxwell house and Folgers are few named to be mentioned in this respect. This different brand reduces the concentration of power within the industry. The firms earn short-run economic profits. But under this monopolistic situatio n the firms are not guaranteed with long-term profit, rather it can be said that there is no such profit in the market of monopolistic competition. Behaviour of firm and impact on consumer: The behaviour of the firms under the monopolistic market can be shown in two parts, the short run stage and the long run stage. The diagram below helps in elucidating the scenario: In the diagram above it is seen that the monopolistic firm in the short run earns profit. The quantity of goods and service supplied by the monopolist is decided at the intersecting point of marginal revenue and marginal cost curve (case, Fair Oster, 2012). Though the monopolistic firm is characterized by a few sellers but still the firm cannot charge any random price like the monopoly firm. This is because each firm produces similar goods with little product differentiation and increase in price of one good may induce the consumers to switch over their choices and consumes other brands. So here in this diagram we see that the short run profit of the coffee industry with monopolistic nature has profit equal to the upper rectangle as marked in the diagram. This diagram shows the monopolistic firm in the long run. The firm maximizes their production by selling at the point where MC =MR. Beyond this point, production implies loss as the cost is greater than the revenue. Even in the long run the monopolistic firm is unable to attain the allocative efficiency as shown by point B in the figure where MC= market price. So under this scenario the firm is able to earn only normal profit in the economy. The normal profit is the situation where the firm just has the capacity to survive in the market by having their total revenue equals to total costs. As the firms cannot randomly charge any price they want barred by their cost constraint, hence the consumers are better off in this situation than in complete monopoly. The existence of multiple numbers of firm ensures that people has a wide variety to choose from and this gives them the capability to create an impact on the market price as well. Adani mining group has planned to invest in a project of thermal coal mine. According to e report of 2014, the subsidiary group has planned to invest a whole lot of $16.5 billion in the project of Galilee Basin (abc.net.au. 2016). The company has a plan to make this project as the biggest mining project of Australia as well as one of the leading mines in the world. The company targets to produce around 60 million tonnes of coal each year from this mine. But no project is pareto optimal. If it has been pareto optimal it would have already been implemented by now and not left over for the Adani Wilmar group to do so. The cost associated with this project not only affects the company but also affects the environment, the people and the economy as a whole. The negative impacts can be connoted as the negative externality of the industry. Here through this answer it has been tried to focus on the externalities associated with the project. Negative externality is an economics term which means the loss or negative impact on a people, group or society as a whole due to a transaction in the economy (Henderson, 2014). In other word, if anyone other than the producer and consumer get affected by the production and consumption process then it is negative externality. It is shown as follows: The government of Australia has been very serious with this project of Coal mine. On other hand Larissa Waters, Senator of the Greens declares that this has been a hasty action of the government without any far-sight associated with it. The problems associated with the mines are as follows: immediate impact on air pollution, water pollution and long term impact on human health and ecosystem (Morrice Colaguri, 2013). The negative externality can be reduced by strict regulations set by the higher authority of the government. Few steps that they can take are as follows: The very first step that government can take is to ensure strict property rights and disallow the company to use the land in establishing the industry that has high risk associated with it (Betz, 2015). In certain cases the government cannot help but allow the industry to grow due to several reasons. In such cases there are other ways of regulating the market. The government should try on investing on projects that involves growth of renewable energy. Nowadays the whole world is trying to shift their energy use into the renewable type. Investing in this sector can have greater long term positive impact on the economy by generating employment, reducing pollution and creating an overall improved standard of living. They can set permits and quotas beyond which the industry cannot pollute the country (Betz et al., 2015). High level of taxes can be imposed on per unit of pollution caused by the firm so that the firm reduces their pollution emission to reduce their cost of production. The government can also help the affected people by providing better yet cheap health facilities and subsidies in the health sector. These subsidies can be collected from taxing the polluters heavily. References: Adams, B., Gans, J., Hayes, R., Lampe, R. (2016).Does Organizational Form Drive Competition? Evidence from Coffee Retailing(No. w22548). National Bureau of Economic Research. Assenza, T., Grazzini, J., Hommes, C., Massaro, D. (2015). PQ strategies in monopolistic competition: Some insights from the lab.Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control,50, 62-77. Bertoletti, P., Epifani, P. (2014). Monopolistic competition: CES redux?.Journal of International Economics,93(2), 227-238. Betz, M. R., Partridge, M. D., Farren, M., Lobao, L. (2015). Coal mining, economic development, and the natural resources curse.Energy Economics,50, 105-116. Cafes and Coffee Shops in Australia Market Research | IBISWorld. (2015). Ibisworld.com.au. Retrieved 25 December 2016, from https://www.ibisworld.com.au/industry/default.aspx?indid=2015 Case, K. E., Fair, R. C., Oster, S. M. (2012).Principles of economics. Prentice Hall,. Henderson, J. V. (2014).Economic theory and the cities. Academic Press. Here's what we know about Adani and the Carmichael mine project. (2016). ABC News. Retrieved 25 December 2016, from https://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-12-05/what-we-know-about-adani-and-the-carmichael-mine-project/8094244 Morrice, E., Colagiuri, R. (2013). Coal mining, social injustice and health: A universal conflict of power and priorities.Health place,19, 74-79. Nikaido, H. (2015).Monopolistic Competition and Effective Demand.(PSME-6). Princeton University Press. Stiglitz, J. E., Rosengard, J. K. (2015).Economics of the Public Sector: Fourth International Student Edition. WW Norton Company. Wong, V. (2014). Starbucks Has An Australia Problem'.Businessweek. com.

Introduction to Political Thought Essay Example Essay Example

Introduction to Political Thought Essay Example Paper Essay Introduction to Political Thought Essay Introduction â€Å"This house believes that democracy is undesirable for a good society†.Seminar four took the form of a debate between supporters and opponents of democracy. Two speakers made their case, each putting forward their argument. The remaining members of the group then discussed the issues raised and decided if they were in favour or against democracy. This log seeks to record the events of the debate.The argument for the case of democracy was presented first. The following represents how the argument was put forward.For democracy The word democracy comes from the Greek for ruled by people through any form of government they choose. The public must obey the rules so surely they should, at least, have a hand in creating the rules. This way they public are more content and happier to obey the laws as they are less likely to feel alienated by them and indeed there would be less discrimination. Rousseau set out the idea of a ‘social contract’ where by citizens agree to obey the law. They give their consent to be governed and that also constitutes an agreement to obey any laws the government makes. Every citizen should take part in democracy, and participation should not be limited to those with education or wealth. Locke argues that basic right of human beings cannot be taken away, so therefore, the people cannot hand over power to an elite group or ruler.o Locke goes onto ague that any person willing, or desiring to do the job of leading the people must only want that position for selfish reasons. Be they egotistical, megalomaniacal or material. It is argued that anyone wanting the job, therefore, is unsuitable. The media has made democracy easier. In that there are more ways to stay informed, such as the traditional newspaper, to the internet. People have much more choice now also. They need not continue reading or watching biased coverage of politics. Instead they can switch on to the likes of BBC Parliament, Sky News, BBC News 24, or rolling radio news services such as DNN. With so much choice and diversity, it is easy to see why the media has been an advantage to democracy.o Also, the internet has opened up new ways of participating in politics an has made government institutions much more accessible. Online petitions and pressure groups with online membership facilities all contribute to an increase in participation opportunities. Elections are held with intervals, and so, in the time between voting, people become more ‘worked up’ and more likely to participate at the next election. Elections also act to guarantee a degree of participation each time. The function of elections is to choose our government; however, if we feel we have made a mistake in our choice, we have a legitimate means to remove those in power. However, in the past this has not always been the case as revolutions have taken place in order to oust a government or administration. There is no longer any need for violence or illegal overthr ows. Democratising nations are on the rise and those nations who have not been democratic for long have seen a better way of life for their citizens. There are many more nations going over to democracy also, which is testament to its success. Finally, it is argued that people who do not vote or participate in politics have no right to an opinion on any political matters.Against democracy There are more efficient system of government than democracy. For example, in the UK, we practice democracy with a ‘first past the post’ (FPTP) electoral system, but this method often means that the UK is not fairly represented in the Commons, as the system does not accommodate proportional representation. Some people, it is argued, will always feel left out, as the majority rule means that minority groups are not always provided for. There cannot always be laws that are in everyone’s interests. Democracy can be very dangerous, as in representative democracies, there is a huge am ount of power handed over to those who may abuse the powers and act on behalf of the people, without their express consent. An example of this happening is the Iraq war, with Britain and the USA acting against the will of many citizens. Representative democracy does not fully represent the views of the people, it can be argued, as members do not always act on behalf of their constituents. Instead, members act on behalf of pressure groups, which sponsor them, their own interests and the interests of the party.o Acting on behalf of the party can also be argued is acting for yourself, as members vote with the party on issues in order that their career stays on track. As often voting against the party can mean no further career progression within the party. Plato saw democracy as an inefficient form of government. He suggested that skilled individuals should be in charge of departments within government, providing a professional base of knowledge, meaning the state can be run much more efficiently.o Further to this, Plato suggests that leaders should be fully trained with education and experience in the field. This way the state is run the very best way, by someone who knows exactly what to do and how to do it. It’s common sense really, as we train people for any other occupation, such as bus driver, or plumber, so why not the Prime Minister?o It also means that people are more comfortable with their leader, and trust that he or she will do a good job. People will always listen to those who have better knowledge in a field, such as doctors or dentists, and therefore, people would be happier obeying laws and such set forth by a skilled leader.o It could be said that a leader from a non-democratic state has the potential to become a dictator, as the power they have overwhelms them. However, with the leader being trained and educated, it is much more likely for a leader of a democratic state to become a dictator. This is because the leader with education knows that a dictatorship is not a good form of government.o Rulers, also, would have limits, so as corruption would not occur. Voting is also an issue for debate, as people use their vote in different ways. Firstly, people vote as they wish, and vote for the party closest fitting their own ideology. Secondly, some people vote simply to follow others. For example, the Sun newspaper often changes its political allegiance. Often when it does, the party they support gains extra votes. Thirdly, people will vote with morals and so will vote on a particular issue, such as the war, rather than a party’s whole manifesto. It was said that people should listen to the unelected leader so they know what they need rather than what they want.o There is no guarantee that elected representatives know what their constituents want in the first place, and if they do, of course they are not necessarily going to act on that. Rousseau suggests that instead of people voting on laws and policies, as they may in a democracy, they should all come together in a large open forum to discuss and create laws. This way also, people will obey the laws as they have taken part in making them.1 If people were more community spirited and part of a group, then they are much less likely to break laws. Further to this, if people feel part of a group, they are more likely to think of others when creating laws in a Rousseau fashion as detailed above. â€Å"The greatness of democracy is nothing but an illusion.†EvaluationBoth arguments were detailed and considered, however, there are a few criticisms that could be made about each speech.Neither of the speakers used many examples to back up their arguments, be it philosophical or examples from reality. Case studies would have made their arguments stronger and would have added a new depth to the debate. Also, the mention of key thinkers could have been improved, using more examples and philosophy in order to strengthen a point, or indeed make a fresh one.I felt that some arguments, while interesting and related, were irrelevant. For example, the argument made for democracy used the increase in media coverage as a reason for why democracy was good. However, it doesn’t really explain why democracy is good; it simply means that there is an increase in media activity. Secondly the case against democracy said, in her first point that there are more efficient systems of government than democracy, however, she failed to mention any. There was one point that seemed to make no sense at all. The case against democracy set out Rousseau’s ideas where by people would come together in a large open forum to make laws, yet this seems to me to be a form of direct democracy and so, the speaker was inadvertently advocating democracy.Extra ArgumentsThere are several points worth raising which were neglected in the debate. For democracy.o Democracy protects the individual. Democratic societies have better education which creates a better society as well as a more rounded individual. Education can also be used for employment enhancing the economy.o Democracy can strengthen a community as it promotes political societies, which create a community spirit. People then feel a sense of belonging and solidarity.o Democracy protects us from the interests of individuals. This is due to the lack of a dictator and the checks and balances a democratic government provides. Against democracy.o Dominant religious bodies can impose their values of the wide population through government. Although many people may subscribe to such beliefs, not all people will, but religious policies may find their way into law. Such as prayer in primary schools. Although children from other religions are not forced to take part, they may feel alienated by the practice.ConclusionThe debate was extremely interesting, as never before had many of us thought properly about living with a non-democratic government. The arguments against democracy we re compelling and convincing, and there certainly are holes in the democratic process that many of use would never have thought about before now. Equally the argument for democracy was convincing too.I think it’s hard to imagine now living in a non-democratic Britain, and the way we are governed is most likely for the best, but it is certainly interesting to look on non-democratic states with more respect.1 This point about Rousseau was made for the argument against democracy, although it seems to support democracy. Essay Body Paragraphs to Political Thought Essay Thank you for reading this Sample!