Mkting of Services Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Mkting of Services - Assignment Example In light of this, the paper will propose appropriate measures of service quality for the face-to-face interaction between provider & potential customer, & for any interaction which is mediated by technology. A service quality is antecedent to consumer satisfaction while consumer satisfaction is antecedent to the purchasing power of the consumer (VERMA, H. 2012). Service organizations perceive quality service in terms of costs; profitability, consumer satisfaction, customer relations, behavioural intention and word of mouth. Service organizations ascertain service quality by taking either of the above. Services are mainly composed of three major characteristics such as intangibility, inseparability of production and consumption, heterogeneity and perishability. A recurring theme in the United Kingdom service companies is the difficulty manager’s experience in translating and understanding the customer’s expectations into service that employees can understand and execute. Customer expectation is the belief about service delivery that serves as standard of reference against which performance is judged. Customers evaluate service quality by comparing their perception of servic e with their expectations. Service quality and customer service expectations can be categorized into five overall dimensions: tangibles, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, and empathy. Travellers for instance may expect no frill service for short domestic flight but would be dissatisfied with the same level of service on a full airline service flying a longer distance. It is therefore a key challenge for the travel agents and operation manager to understand customer expectation of the service that they are offering to their customers. Customers have different service expectations which are classified into two. They include the desired service

The Elements of Classical and Alternative Cinema in The Big Sleep Essay

The Elements of Classical and Alternative Cinema in The Big Sleep - Essay Example The difference between art cinema and classical cinema is clearly delineated. Art cinema is the most acknowledged area within film studies due to the recognition it receives from celebrated filmmakers, specific films or cinema types, as well as from select writers and the target audience. Art cinema is commonly located within the auteur category of films, with examples including L’Avventura (1960). In contradistinction to art cinema, David Bordwell and other filmmakers coined the term ‘classical cinema. Their focus tends to be on the metteurs-en-scene category of art or film. As such, classical cinema has been broadly disseminated because of the dominance of these film types, and most filmmakers choose to make films in this style. Art cinema is presented in small film theatres, compared to classical cinema, which is conducted in large multiplexes. Art cinema screen new films with repertory functions, drawing their audiences from a highly educated urban demographic. This differs from classical cinema, which is indicative of popular culture and attracts a less educated, rural demographic (Kolker 1980). 3. Who are the movie brats and what do they have to do with auteurism? Movie brats include directorial luminaries such as Michelangelo Antonioni (b. 1912), Federico Fellini (1920–1993), Jean-Luc Godard (b. 1930) and Ingmar Bergman (b. 1918). Their respective films L’Avventura, 8? (1963), About de souffle (Breathless, 1960) and Det sjunde inseglet (The seventh seal, 1957) played a critical role regarding the impact that auteurism has had film production. It is evident that a new generation of movie brats exercised greater controls in the creative process and production of their films (Grist 2000). The recent works of the movie brats have challenged the romantic and individualistic ideologies portrayed in earlier works that conform to aspects of auteurism. As pointed out by David Cook (1996), auteurism was exploited along with the rise of c ollege-level film to entice patronage. Further, Timothy Corrigan (1994) also notes that the appearance of the United States (US) studio system made the deployment of auteurism a potential outcome in the marketing of movies within a system other than that using studio signatures. The movie brats also tended to focus on the role of auteurism in enhancing the economies of distribution. Therefore, the article focuses on the place of auteurism and its struggle against the organization of film production in the first few years. They have thus deployed auteurism to assert the prerogative of the professional-managerial class against, not only the studios but also the film unions.  

Aristotle In Virtue Ethics

Aristotle In Virtue Ethics Aristotle was a Greek philosopher, scientist as well as logician who lived between 384 and 322 BC. Aristotle is highly regarded as one of the famous thinkers in various fields such as political theory. He is an ancient thinker who was an effective contributor together with his teacher Plato. His desire and contribution started at an early age, at the time he was in school in Platos academy in Athens. He has moved places in search of philosophical and biological knowledge. He moved to places such as Asia and Lesbos. His life was known to have the greatest influence to his political thought. Through his travelling, he had various experiences in different kinds of political systems and hence gained a lot in the field of politics. Not only in history he also made an effective contribution to other areas such geography whereby he concluded that the earth was round instead of the earlier believe that it was flat. Aristotle contribution has been of great positive effect to mans life and eve n in todays community there are still his findings which are applicable. One of the many areas that Aristotle contributed and his contribution was noted is the topic on virtue ethics? Briefly virtue ethics is concerned with traits of characters that are found to be essential for human flourishing. Virtue ethics emphasizes the role played an individuals character and also the virtues that determine his behavior. It forms the basis to normative ethics which the opposite of deontology. According to Aristotle, happiness is referred is an activity, hence referring it a way of life and it is depicted on how we act and not how or whom we are. The general concept behind virtue ethics is that it looks into what the individual should choose to be rather than depending on the external factors to change a person. People have the power to choose what they ought to be rather than depend solely such as culture. Virtue ethics is currently one of three major approaches in normative ethics. It looks more into the moral character rather than duties and rules (deontology) or rather one that deals with consequences of actions simplified as consequentialism. According to Aristotle, virtue means excellence happiness whereby people can only be happy when they have fulfilled their basic function or purpose. People need to act well and practice reasoning. Aristotle divided virtue into intellectual and the moral virtues. According to Aristotle the highest target of all people is directed by happiness which he defined as continuous contemplation of the internal and external truth. This happiness is attained trough virtuous life as well as development of wisdom and reason. An individual needs sufficient external goods to ensure opportunity for virtuous action. Virtuous acts need mindful choice and moral reason or inspiration. However, moral virtue cannot be achieved abstractly but rather requires moral action in any social environment. Both ethics and politic are close to each other as Aristotle refers to politics like a science of making the society in which people can have the good life as they develop their full potential. Despite the work of Aristotle, he tries hard to convince us what is virtuous. This has differed from the teaching from the modern moral philosophers. This is because he put very little effort on the moral development of individuals. For one to be a good person he needs to practice so as to gain the good habit and the virtue is a good state of soul that is acquired through habit of an individual. In the ancient world, virtue ethics were a particularly dominant form of ethics. However, the trend has changed in the recent times the issue on virtue ethics has been largely forgotten as people has favored other approach to morality such as the utilitarianism and Kantian ethics. Despite the new found an approach, the basis of these has been the Aristotle virtue ethics. Over the past fifty years, there has been the return of the Aristotelian moral psychology. This was marked by a published document made in 1958 by Elizabeth Anscombe known as modern Moral Philosophy. The document excoriated Kantianism and the utilitarian versions and recommended the return to Aristotelian moral psychology. The change has seen virtue ethics be considered one of the key forms of ethical theory. Virtue ethics has been found to encourage people to be more virtuous such that we do not need an ethical theory for us to make decisions. The ethics puts more effort on the character. It also emphasizes on pleasure and the emotion. Hence it becomes good for people to enjoy acting in a virtuous manner. In additional, Aristotle talked of moral educational as a development process which is essential in each and every persons life. With the application of the virtue ethics, people avoid the use other complicated formulas trying to find out what they ought to do and hence they focus on the kind of person they need to be. In addition, it helps to distinguish between good people from the legalists. Following the law does not make one a good person. Virtue ethics is no longer the dominating theory as it now faces challenges. Despite being a highly prominent theory in peoples lives, virtue ethics has encountered some short comings. One of them is that virtue ethics offers no solution to certain specific moral dilemmas. Another shortcoming of Aristotles view is that it does not recognize that people are different. Not all people have equal opportunity in terms of developing morally hence people should not be judged the same. Despite the explanation of the virtuous people, there are people virtuous but live miserably unlike others who are not virtuous and live happily. On the other hand, virtue ethics appears to praise some virtues which on normal cases might be regarded as immoral. For example, soldiers in war may courageous, but that does not mean they are morally good. Finally, it is hard to tell when someone virtuous has bad motives. Virtuous ethics seems not to accommodate basic concepts such as an obligation and rights. Hence the theory of ethics seems inadequate to deal with complicated issues such as what makes an action right or wrong. It is easier to understand the virtue ethics by trying to differentiate the Aristotle approach and the Kantian, consequentially or the utilitarian approaches to the moral philosophy. From the case of Kantian, ethics are responsible in ruling as well as the fundamental principals playing a crucial role. Foundational role and consequentialism treats the moral assessment of actions as a function of what can be said about the consequences of those actions. Most of the modern virtue ethics takes inspiration from the Aristotle work in the same topic. The modern ones have also emphasized on cultivation of virtues for they define them as natural and rational way of being as well as flourishing in the society. Conclusion In conclusion, it is clear that work of Aristotle has greatly contributed to the modern philosophy and their way of thinking and also evaluating things. One of the reasons that have made the virtue ethics become popular as well as making very important contribution to our lives is that they really emphasize the key role played by motives in moral questions. The contribution also helps people understand the issue of morality. People were also aware that for one to act from virtue is also to act from some particular motivation. This means that the correct moral decisions need the correct motives behind them. Encouragement of the correct motivations is a vital component of the moral education to the young people. People is taught that they should have targets and desire for good outcomes as well as an accomplishment of given goals by our actions. Another reason why virtue theories are attractive is that the other theories on moral have a common problem in dealing with complicated moral issues such as what action should be taken or rather what moral duties should be emphasized. One of the key point that is emphasized by the virtue theory is that once people are successful in creating the people wanted, then arriving to the correct moral decision comes naturally.

the pianist :: essays research papers

‘The Pianist’ is a film directed by Roman Polanski and based around the life of Wladyslaw Szpilman during the Nazi invasion of Poland. Roman used visual techniques in the opening scenes such as black and white film, camera positioning and motifs to create an atmosphere for the audience. The first scene in the film is a montage of grainy black and white scenes of Polish life before the Nazi invasion on Poland. The footage shows a dated world with old English style building and technology, people are shown walking about the town in aged clothing. The grainy dated look of the film also makes the scenes appear gloomy but relaxed at the same time. These images are used to drive the notion that it is set in a time long ago, in a different era. This scene is a critical part in the film as it refines the time and emotion, in which the film is set, so the audience can relate better to the characters and what is happening to them. Wladyslaw Szpilman is shown in almost every scene at the beginning of the film. This helps us get a better understanding of Szpilman as we can see how he reacts to the situations he gets placed in. When the Szpilman family got notices of rules they would react to the situation and do what they could. Most of the time Wladyslaw was shown in the centre of the scene and things would happen around him. This shows us that Wladyslaw was strong willed and single minded as he resisted the controls of the Nazi. He does not want to leave his home during the invasion which also tells us that he was a dedicated to is country and would not give in that easily to the Nazis. These scenes are important as the show Wladyslaw’s character in depth. Midshots are used through out the most of the opening scenes in the film. Roman used this type of shot while the family was packing up to move out of Warsaw, listening to the radio, and arguing about what to do with the valuables. These shots were used for those scenes as it gives the audience a wide shot of what is going on in the current vicinity. It is able to show how the entire family reacts to the events that are taking place. It also allows the audience to see the expressions and emotions of the characters during the harsh and difficult times.

Christopher Columbus Essay

Christopher Columbus has been commemorated in hundreds of thousands of ways across North and South America. He has roads named in his honor, towns, structures and even America’s capital! Is Columbus truly deserving of these admirations though? After all, he did discover the land that we inhabit today so how could anybody have any issues with this voyager’s endeavors? Countless people miss the fact though that there were already humans occupying what we know as North America today. Numerous people were taught early on all of the accomplishments Columbus made, but overlook the full truth of this celebrated man. The question then comes to be â€Å"Who is Christopher Columbus?† Is he truly the guy that many Americans title a hero? The man whose expedition was the paramount stage in an extensive course that eventually created the United States? Or, is Columbus the flawed character that many have suggested. In the autumn of 1451, the wife of a wool-weaver in Genoa gave birth to a boy who was destined to change the course of history. â€Å"Columbus is believed to have been born somewhere between August 26th and October 31. He was the eldest son of Domenico Colombo, a Genoese wool worker and merchant, and Susanna Fontanarossa, his wife, and was raised in their Christian household.† (Christopher Columbus, Britannica) Columbus was commissioned by the king and queen of Spain to find a route to the Indies. However, he sailed the opposite direction of his intended goal by crossing the Atlantic and landing in the Americas, resulting in the discovery of the New World for Spain. This discovery was a major point in not only European history, but world history. From this, Christopher Columbus gained status as somewhat of a hero to his people during one of the darkest times in Europe’s history. He lived during a time when Europe was in great turmoil caused by disease, famine, and religious persecution. It was also the beginning of an era when finding a direct trade route to the Indies was important. The misconception behind the goal of Columbus’ voyages is that he was not out to achieve wealth alone, but to begin the final expansion of the Gospel that would bring in the end of time. Columbus believed in the Bible and that it was his duty to spread Christianity to the Indians. Until very recen tly, every schoolchild was taught that Christopher Columbus discovered the New World. Columbus was depicted as a brave and determined sailor who singlehandedly convinced Queen Isabella of Spain to fund his voyage. In history books, Columbus was portrayed as a true hero; a man who made it possible for millions of European immigrants to start fresh in a new land. Now, this image of Christopher Columbus is being challenged. Many historians and others claim that Columbus did not â€Å"discover† anything. Before he arrived, the New World already had been discovered by others, Leif Ericksson among them. In addition, the New World was already populated by over five hundred Native American tribes. To call Columbus’s voyage a â€Å"discovery† would be like taking a hundred people, landing in Italy, and saying that these people discovered Italy. Christopher Columbus may have â€Å"encountered† or â€Å"collided with† the New World, but he did not â€Å"discover† it. Many historians argue though that whether Columbus’s voyages are called a discovery, an encounter, or a collision does not matter. No one can deny that Columbus made Europe aware of the New World, and that this awareness had a great impact. It was Columbus who started this new awareness. It is Columbus who should be credited with it. They believe that celebrating Columbus’s voyages is to celebrate the beginning of the new world as we know it today. Works Cited 1) Summerhill, Stephen J., and John Alexander Williams. Sinking Columbus: Contested History, Cultural Politics, and Mythmaking during the Quincentenary. Gainesville: University of Florida, 2000. Print. 2) Bradford, Ernle. Christopher Columbus. New York, NY: Viking, 1973. Print. 3) Szumski, Bonnie, and JoAnne Buggey. Christopher Columbus: Recognizing Stereotypes. San Diego, CA: Greenhaven, 1992. Print. 4) â€Å"Christopher Columbus†. Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica. Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica Online. Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica Inc., 2012. Web. 27 Nov. 2012 .

Cultural Consideration.Education and support programs Essay

Psychology refers to an academic and applied discipline involving the scientific study of behaviors and mental functions (Colman 2010). The immediate goal of understanding an individual or group’s psychology is to enable the counselor establish general principles to be applied while researching specific cases. When carrying out research, psychologists explore concepts such as cognition, perception, motivation, brain functioning, interpersonal relationships such as psychological resilience and family resilience. Psychological knowledge is important on matters of individual assessment and treatment of mental health problems. Research shows that many people develop mental problems due to life challenges they have ever experienced. This report encompasses a group of children from a foreign country (Nigeria) living in my area of jurisdiction as refugees with foster families. They are aged between 9-13 years. From their previous refugee camp, they led a life of challenges and violence despite their young age. Some of the challenges they have undergone include poor living conditions, faced with rampant diseases, food scarcity, sleeping in rudimentary shelters. They were also exposed to brutal violence where they saw their family members being murdered, experienced sexual assaults and saw their houses being burnt where some were injured in the attacks of their villages. This paper explores psychological effects as a result of violence and the prevention measures used to foster resilience. Psychological effects of violence                  The diverse sequelae related to violence have been well documented. According to Hann (1993), exposure to violence, either directly experienced or witnessed leads to children’s self-reports of distress. Research shows that when a child is exposed to violence, the following symptoms are observed; loneliness, loss of desire for amusement, sadness, inattention, daydreaming, nightmares, disrupted sleep, intrusive, disturbing and imagery, easy perturbation, fear of death, and separation anxiety. In most cases, boys are known to cope with psychological effects caused by violence exposure compared to girls of the same age. Children try to cope with loss and fears associated with violence by pretending not to care about anything, restricting their activities, anxious attachment to their mothers, imitative aggressive play and counter-phobic displays of bravado (Osofsky 1993). Research shows that, effects of violence may also spill into relationships with fr iends and peers inform of aggressive behavior and emotional withdrawal, of which they may both result to an ultimate rejection by the peers (Turner & Beidel 1995). Intervention program                  An intervention refers to a deliberate process by which a strategy of implementing change into a person’s thoughts, behaviors and feelings is introduced (Cook 2009). The overall intervention’s objective is to confront a person in a friendly way allowing them to understand their destructive behavior or actions and how it may affect themselves, friends and family. The immediate aim/goal of the intervention program is to make the person suffering listen and accept to be helped. On the other hand, programs consist of a number of coordinated interventions that are made available for a given period (Swanson 2011). Education and support programs                  The above mentioned children from Nigeria have faced many challenges affecting their normal way of living. This intervention program is meant to foster resilience or help the Nigerian children recover from their past experiences. As a mental health worker, I have to implement a strategy that enhances favorable and friendly environment for the survival of these children. Provision of material assistance such as clothes, books, food, proper housing and other basic needs becomes the first priority. Either at individual, family or community level, they need education together with guidance and counseling with the aim of trying to make them forget their past experiences. Having witnessed their parents being killed, their houses being burnt and others getting injured, this may affect their cognitive development and later bring complications to their future lives. Another prevention strategy is ensuring that they interact with others through games, education and other social activities. Such interventions make them feel acceptable within the community and prevent psychological effects related to loneliness. Cultural universality versus cultural specificity                  Cultural universality refers to a multiple of cultural aspects acceptable on a global scale (Leininger 2010). On the other hand, cultural specificity refers to a thing, event, or idea that is unique to a particular culture (Hirschfeld 2008). The Nigerian children are living in a foreign nation where there are different traditions and cultures. In order to maintain ethical standards towards dealing with the refugees, their culture must be respected while those events which are accepted globally they are encouraged to participate with others. When designing the intervention program, it is important to understand the cultural traditions of Nigerians as it facilitates better and efficient interaction through the available social activities. This will ensure that their cultures are respected which facilitates the development of self-esteem among the children. The culture of Nigeria is characterized by their multiple ethnic groups. However, they have unique ways of practicing their cultural traditions. These practices such as festivals, weddings and names and naming ceremonies are very crucial when designing the intervention program to help the Nigerian children. The invention should be designed in a way that incorporates these traditions for effective implementation. Ethical consideration refers to the acceptable ethical principles applied when tackling a particular issue. The intervention program should be designed in a friendly way that is not harmful to the victims of violence. Secondly, the subject has to accept failure to which the program should not be implemented as it is unethical to tackle a particular issue without the consent of the affected. References Colman, A. M. (2010). What is psychology? (3rd ed.). London: Routledge. Cook, R. (2009). Intervention. New York: G.P. Putnam’s Sons. Hirschfeld, L. A., & Gelman, S. A. (2008). Mapping the mind: domain specificity in cognition and culture. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Leininger, M. M., & McFarland, M. R. (2010). Culture care diversity and universality: a worldwide nursing theory (2nd ed.). Sudbury, MA: Jones and Bartlett. Swanson, B. B. (2011). What is a quality preschool program?. Washington, D.C.?: ERIC. Source document